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Farm-raised or wild? Most consumers today may have some idea of where their seafood comes from. Few, however, know the real impact aquaculture has on the environment. |
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A new study by the World Fish Center and Conservation International may change that. |
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養殖的還是野生的？今天，大部分的消費者對於自己購買的海鮮來自何處大概多少都有些了解。不過，卻極少有人知道水產養殖對環境造成的衝擊有多大。世界漁業中心與國際保育協會從事的一項新研究可能會改變這一點。 |
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Titled "Blue Frontiers," the report's goal is to both inform the public and help steer the aquaculture industry towards more sustainable practices. |
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這項報告的標題為「藍色邊疆」，目的在於向大眾提供資訊，同時也幫助將水產養殖業導向較為永續的做法。 |
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While aquaculture can reduce pressure on wild fisheries, it still has an impact because the small fish used to feed farmed species like salmon are still caught in the wild. |
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Likewise, young wild fish are often used to establish breeding stocks for fish farms. |
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水產養殖雖可減輕野生漁場的壓力，卻還是不免對環境造成衝擊，原因是用於餵食例如鮭魚這些養殖魚類的小魚仍是野生捕捉而來。同樣的，養殖場也經常利用幼小的野生魚類建立種魚魚群。 |
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Currently, 50% of the world's seafood comes from aquaculture. |
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That includes 73% of all salmon and more than half of all crabs and lobsters consumed globally. |
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Aquaculture production is worth over $100 billion annually and is expected to increase from 65.8 million tons in 2008 to over 100 million tons by 2030. |
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目前世界上的海鮮有百分之五十來自水產養殖，在鮭魚當中佔百分之七十三，螃蟹與龍蝦在全球的消耗量也超過半數。水產養殖的年產值超過一千億美元，產量在二○○八年為六千五百八十萬噸，預計到了二○三○年將超過一億噸。 |
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"Current trends indicate that the majority of the increase in global production will come from South and Southeast Asia, with a continued drive by major producer countries such as China and Vietnam towards export to European and North American markets," said Mike Phillips, who co-authored the report. |
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「當前的趨勢顯示，全球產量的增加將主要來自南亞與東南亞，中國與越南等主要生產國也將持續外銷至歐洲與北美市場，」研究報告的共同作者麥克．菲利普說。 |
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Dr. Sebastian Troeng, vice president for marine conservation for Conservation International, says he wants to ensure all that market growth doesn't harm the environment. |
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國際保育協會海洋保育副主席特羅恩博士表示，他希望確保未來的市場成長不會對環境造成危害。 |
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"Something that is a particular concern to a marine conservation group is the reliance on wild captured fish; the amount of fish needed to feed aquaculture. |
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Any efficiency in that regard would be very beneficial," Troeng said. |
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「海洋保育團體特別關注的一件事，就是養殖業對野生捕捉魚類的依賴；亦即餵食養殖魚類所需的野生魚類數量。這方面的效率只要有所提升，就會帶來極大的效益，」特羅恩說。 |
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Least harmful to the environment, according to the report, are bivalves like oysters and mussels, and seaweed, which can actually help reduce pollutants in water. |
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But even the worst offenders on the report's list still have less of a negative impact on the environment than beef or pork production. |
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根據這份報告，對環境危害最小的是牡蠣與淡菜這類雙殼貝類，還有海草，因為海草有助於減少水中的污染物質。不過，即便是這份報告裡危害最大的養殖魚類，對環境的負面衝擊也還是比不上牛肉或豬肉生產業。 |
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