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    2003 年 10 月 15 日 (No.131)
     
    包含動物保育、大地生態、時人風韻、眾生百態、經典旅遊及全球古蹟風華等議題,精僻解析相關用語及資訊,是所有關懷全球生態,愛好知性之旅的開拓國際知識領域的入門書。
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    美國聯邦房屋貸款機構調高房貸額度(2003/10/3)
    U.S. housing agencies seen hiking mortgage limits
    海明威子孫遺產分配爭議已解決(2003/10/3)
    Hemingway family feud over estate settled
    阿諾︰補選一役 勢如破竹(2003/10/6)
    Schwarzenegger: Recall campaign gaining momentum
    專家提倡新的金字塔型膳食組合(2003/10/2)
    Experts call for new food pyramid
    美國勞工人數統計出爐 經濟復甦遭質疑(2003/10/1)
    Labor stats cast doubt on U.S. economic recovery
    美國進一步對中國施壓要求放棄人民幣美元聯繫匯率(2003/10/2)
    U.S. increases pressure on China to abandon yuan-dollar peg
    hike 調高
    hike 當動詞時,是「急劇提高(價格等)」的意思,如頭條中的用法,就是「調高……額度」。
    Store owners who hiked their face-mask prices during the SARS epidemic were fined by the government.
    SARS 疫情流行期間提高口罩價格的廠商遭到政府罰款。
     
    estate 遺產;財產
    estate 是名詞,有「財產;遺產;物產」的意思。
    The woman left half her estate to the Red Cross.
    那個女人將她一半的遺產捐給紅十字會。
     
    gain momentum 獲得動力
    gain 是動詞,「獲得;得到;增加」的意思,momentum 是一個物理上的名詞,表示「動量;動能;動力」,gain momentum 兩字連用,是指「(某人/事/物)得到動能;獲得動力」,相當於中文的「氣勢如虹」、「勢如破竹」等成語。
    Sales of DVD players are only recently starting to gain momentum in some countries.
    DVD 放映機的銷售量最近才開始在某些國家扶搖直上。
     
    food pyramid 金字塔型膳食組合
    food pyramid「金字塔型膳食組合」,是一種新興的健康飲食方式。把普遍常見的食品,有系統地歸類,以某些食物作為主幹,搭配其他食物輔助而成為營養豐富的膳食。也有人稱為「食物金字塔」。
    The food pyramid has been criticized for causing obesity in many people.
    金字塔型膳食組合由於造成很多人肥胖而遭到批評。
     
    cast doubt 質疑;提出疑問;懷疑
    cast 是動詞「拋出;擲出」的意思,doubt 則是「懷疑;疑問」。cast doubt 字面上看來是「丟出疑惑」,也就是指「存疑;懷疑」。注意後面介系詞用 on 再接名詞(人/事/物等),表示「對……存疑;懷疑……」。與 cast doubt 意義相反的則是 remove doubt「釋疑;消除疑惑;解除疑慮」,後面直接接動詞的現在分詞形式。
    Recent research findings cast doubt on the effectiveness of sunscreens.
    最近的研究結果對防曬乳的功效產生質疑。
      The report removed any doubt regarding the effectiveness of regular exercise.
    這份報告消除了對於規律運動功效的疑慮。
     
    increase pressure (on someone) 增加壓力;進一步施壓
    increase 是「增加;提高」的意思,pressure 是「壓力」,increase pressure 就是「增加壓力」,後面加上介系詞 on 再接某人,指「增加某人的壓力」,也就是「向某人施壓」,通常用來表示「逼迫、強迫某人(做某事)」。
    The WTO increased pressure on the government of Taiwan to reduce many of its trade tariffs.
    世界貿易組織進一步對台灣政府施壓,希望降低多數貿易關稅。
    <top>
    Acer Aspire RC900 Enjoyment Center  宏基 Aspire RC900 數位影音娛樂中心
    Acer continues to set the standard for PCs with its recent introduction of the Acer Aspire RC900 Enjoyment Center.
    When you first see the Aspire RC900, you are immediately struck by its sophisticated sleek silver design.
    The boring beige boxy computers -- so familiar to every office worker around the globe -- should now be a thing of the past thanks to Acer.
      宏基以最近的新產品 Aspire RC900 數位影音娛樂中心持續在個人電腦技術上樹立典範。第一眼看到 Aspire RC900,它精緻光滑的銀色外型立刻就印象深刻。乏味的米色四方型電腦──對全世界每一位上班族來說如此熟悉──拜宏基所賜已經成為過去式了。
    The Aspire RC900's innovations don't stop at looks either.
    The RC900 offers outstanding performance both in computing and entertainment modes.
    It comes decked out with all the latest high-tech bells and whistles, including a 2.5-GHz processor, 128 MB of RAM, a 40-GB hard drive, and a CD-RW/DVD combo drive.
      Aspire RC900 的革命性改變還不只是在外型上。它無論是在電腦運算或是在娛樂上都有卓越的表現。裡面裝置了最新、最高科技的超強配備,包括 2.5 GHz 的處理器,128 MB 的隨機存取記憶體, 40 GB 高容量硬碟機,以及結合了 CD 光碟與 DVD 放映功能的磁碟機。
    One of the RC900's strongest selling points is its user-friendly entertainment system.
    With the push of a button on the handy remote control, users can choose between playing DVDs, VCDs, and CDs, or watching TV.
      Aspire RC900 最強的賣點之一就是它貼心的娛樂系統。只要轉動手持遙控器上的立尋鈕,使用者即可輕鬆選擇播放 DVD、VCD、CD 或是收看電視。
    The RC900 is a real joy to use and with all its high-performance features, home computing and home entertainment will never be the same again.
    For more information go to www.acer.com.
      使用 RC900 實在是一種享受,有了這套高效能的產品,家庭電腦及娛樂系統將與從前大不相同。詳細資訊請上網︰www.acer.com
    be struck by 被……吸引而印象深刻
    struckstrike 的過去式,在本文中是被動用法。strike 原來有「打擊;打動」的意思,口語用法為「吸引……;使……印象深刻」。另外,類似的用法還有 strike someone as + adj. ,表示「某人被某種特質吸引;某人對某種特質印象深刻」,如例句第二句的用法,注意介系詞用 as,而形容詞通常為某種特質。
    The first thing that struck me when I walked into the hotel was the beautiful marble floor.
    走進這間飯店,第一件讓我印象深刻的事就是它美麗的大理石地板。
     
    My boss struck me as friendly and focused when I first met him.
    在我第一眼見到我的老闆時,他友善而專注的態度讓我印象深刻。
     
    a thing of the past 過時的事物
    past 當名詞,是「過去;過往」的意思。a thing of the past 字面上的意思是「過去的事情」,也就是「落伍的事物;不流行的事物」。
    The guarantee of a job for life is now a thing of the past.
    終身職業的保證已經成了過去式。
     
    deck out 裝飾;裝置
    deck 當動詞時,有「裝飾;打扮;修飾」的意思。deck out 後接介系詞 with 再接名詞(裝飾品等),表示「用……做裝飾」。
    That taxi is decked out with a spinning mirrored ball and multicolored lights.
    那輛計程車裝飾了迪斯可球和五顏六色的燈。
     
    all the bells and whistles 特別的配備
    all the bells and whistles 是一個十分口語的說法,在本文中是表示,在同類型的產品中,一般商品所沒有的「特別的配備;特殊的裝置」。
    My new car came with all the bells and whistles -- a 10-disc CD player, antitheft system, and heated seats.
    我的新車有很多特別的配備──十片裝 CD 音響、防盜系統還有可加熱的座椅。
    <top>
     
    on short notice 臨時的
    notice 在這裡是指「訊息;情報;通知」,因此,on short notice 就是表示「沒有事先通知的;沒時間準備的」,也就是「臨時的」的意思。
    Fans were furious after the pop concert was cancelled on short notice.
    那場熱門音樂演唱會臨時取消引起歌迷們的極度不滿。
    Doug has asked his coworker Cathy to attend a meeting on short notice. They are discussing how their supermarket chain can provide better service to its customers.
    道格請他的同事凱西去參加一個臨時會議。他們正在討論他們的連鎖超市要如何為顧客提供更好的服務。
    Doug: I'm glad you could make it, Cathy, on such short notice. 道格: 凱西,很高興妳能在這麼臨時的通知下參加這個會議。
    Cathy: No problem, Doug. I'm happy to be here. 凱西: 沒問題,道格。我很高興能在這裡。
    Doug: Well, let's get down to business. We've been receiving a lot of customer complaints recently. We have to nip this in the bud before it gets out of hand. 道格: 嗯,言歸正傳。我們最近接到很多顧客抱怨。我們必須要防微杜漸
    Cathy: We sure do. So what, specifically, are the complaints? 凱西: 我們一定得這樣做。明確地說,是什麼樣的抱怨?
    Doug: OK. We've spent hours looking at feedback from both our Web site and our various stores throughout the country. I've also gathered valuable qualitative data after listening to customers myself. 道格: 好。我們花了好幾個小時看我們網站上及全國各分店的回函。在親自聽了顧客的意見之後,我也收集了極具參考價值的質化數據
    Cathy: And what have you found? 凱西: 那麼,你發現了什麼?
    Doug: There are two areas that need addressing. The first is the length of time people are having to stand in line at the checkout counter, and the second is the time it takes to complete an online transaction. 道格: 有兩個部份需要處理。一個是人們花在結帳櫃台排隊的時間長度,而另一個部份則是完成線上交易的時間。
    Cathy: What!? I thought our cashiers were doing a top-notch job. They're really friendly and efficient. 凱西: 什麼!?我以為我們的收銀員是最頂尖的。他們真的很親切又有效率。
    Doug That's not the issue here. Our customers value speed. They want to get in and out of the stores as fast as possible. They really don't care how friendly the cashiers are. 道格: 那不是這裡討論的重點。我們的顧客重視速度。他們希望儘可能快速地進出這家店。他們其實並不在意店員是否親切。
    Cathy: That's a very valid observation. Thanks for bringing that up. What about our Web site? 凱西: 那是一個非常有效的觀察結果。謝謝你將之提出來。我們的網站如何?
    Doug: The general consensus is that our site is not user-friendly. I have evidence that shows that about thirty percent of all online transactions are uncompleted. 道格: 大多數人覺得我們的網站並不體貼使用者。我有數據顯示大約三成的線上交易並未完成。
    Cathy: That's unacceptable. We will have to inform both the Web-site team and store managers of these findings. In the meantime, I would like to arrange some more in-depth interviews with some customers. 凱西: 真令人難以接受。我們必須將這些發現告知網站及各分店的管理團隊。同時,我要再多安排一些顧客來會談,做更深入的了解。
    Doug: OK. I think that's a good idea. I'll get on it right away. After all, we should always listen to the most important people -- our customers. 道格: 好。我認為那是個好主意。我立刻去安排。畢竟,我們永遠都必須聽從最重要的人──我們的顧客的意見。
     
    get down to business 言歸正傳
    get down to 有「專注;注意」的意思,後接名詞表示「專注於某事/物」。get down to business 在本對話中是說話者要引起聽話者的注意,提醒她「專注在工作上」,類似中文的「言歸正傳」。
    Enough with the chatting. It's time to get down to business.
    聊天聊夠啦。是言歸正傳的時候了。
     
    nip something in the bud 杜漸防萌;防微杜漸
    nip 為動詞,是「捏;夾」的意思,bud 是「芽;剛萌生的蓓蕾」,nip something in the bud 字面上的意思是「在某事剛萌生的時候就將之捏掉(,以避免繼續擴大)」,類似中文的「防微杜漸」、「防患未然」、「杜漸防萌」等。通常會與 before it gets out of hand 連用,如對話中的用法,表示「在事情失控之前先掌握住」。
    Many of our employees are taking stationary home from work. We have to nip this in the bud before it gets out of hand.
    我們很多員工都會將辦公室的文具帶回家。我們必須防微杜漸。
     
    qualitative data 質化數據
    qualitative data「質化數據」在本對話中的用法,是指「由顧客所反應的感受、想法來作評斷某事的依據」,結果通常較為抽象、主觀,而與之相對的詞則是 quantitative data「量化數據」,是可由數字顯示的統計資料,通常較為具體、客觀。
    Qualitative data can be obtained from focus groups and in-depth interviews.
    質化數據能從核心客群的意見及深入的訪談中獲得。
     
    bring something up 提出(某事)
    bring up 在口語中,有「提出(數據、議題等)」的意思,如對話中的用法,就是指「提出(觀察結果)」。
    I didn't realize that sales were down until someone brought it up at a meeting.
    直到有人在會議中提出為止,我都沒有發現銷售量的下降。
     
    general consensus 大多數人的意見
    general 當形容詞時,有「一般的;大體的」的意思,而 consensus 則是名詞,表示「輿論;多數人的意見」。因此,general consensus 就是指「大部分的人同意;大多數人的意見」。
    The general consensus at the meeting was that the unprofitable branches should be closed down.
    會議中大部份的人同意沒有賺錢的分店應該關閉。
    <top>
    True or False
    1.
    If something "casts doubt" on Bill's story, you start to doubt his story.
    2.
    Research using "qualitative data" involves analyzing numbers.
    3.
    A "hike" is similar in meaning to an "increase."
    4.
    If you "nip something in the bud," you allow it to continue.
    5.
    A person's "estate" is what that person owns.
     
    Choose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence.
    a. gain momentum b. general consensus is that c. thing of the past
    d.
    short notice e. the food pyramid
    6.
    The __________ we should have lunch at the coffee shop.
    7.
    I never follow __________ when I plan my meals.
    8.
    Records have made CDs a __________.
    9.
    The company's share price is starting to ________.
    10.
    I'm sorry that I had to cancel the meeting on such _________.
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